GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF NOUNS IN LATIN AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT

Abstract

The presented article is devoted to the actual problem of studying the state of Latin, its impact on English and a detailed study of noun categories in Latin and English. The article emphasizes that interest in Latin has recently increased. The authors of the article conducted a retrospective analysis of the formation and spread of Latin and English. It was found that the question of the peculiarities of Latin and English is quite controversial in modern philological thought and has been the subject of study and research of many domestic and foreign scholars. The influence of Latin on English is outlined. The importance and necessity of learning Latin, despite its status as a “dead” language, is substantiated, as Latin is the language of international communication and the foundation of vocabulary and grammar of many modern languages, including English. The influence of Latin on the English language in different times and periods is traced and examples of words formed under the influence of different epochs are given. Considerable attention is paid to the influence of religion on borrowed words. Borrowing periods are set and relevant examples are given. The authors conducted a thorough analysis of noun categories in Latin and English. Categories such as gender, number, declension and cases are considered in detail. Since the problem of studying the grammatical categories of nouns in Latin and English has not yet been the subject of special study, the authors attempted to find commonalities and differences between the categories of nouns in two languages. It was found that the only common feature of the noun category in these languages is the presence of numbers (singular and plural). Gender, declension and case have some differences, which are described in the table.