RESEARCH ON THE PROBLEM OF PRESCHOOLERS’ MORAL EDUCATION IN PEDAGOGICAL THEORY

Abstract

The article highlights the theoretical aspects of moral education of older preschool children by means of fiction. The author determined that preschool age is the most important stage of a child’s development. It is proved that at this age the child consciously begins to learn and perceive the world around him, the foundations of moral values are laid, feelings of attitude to himself and others are formed. Modern preschool education is developing in a fundamentally new environment of introducing state requirements to the structure of the preschool education program, which is based on the integration of educational sectors in accordance with the age capabilities and characteristics of students. In the article, one of the areas of preschool education is the education of enterprising, independent, active citizen with a clear positive position, capable of continuous self-improvement. One of the components of this process is the moral and aesthetic education of preschool children. Research of scientists (N. Basyuk, O. Vasylenko, E. Dykhal, V. Kushnir, R. Sopivnyk, I. Pyzhyk, O. Lazareva, O. Mykhalchuk, L. Petrenko) on the moral education of older preschool children is extremely important among pedagogical developments. Ways to organize the moral education of the child is to involve him in traditional culture and literature as the most important component of cultural development. The works of S. Lozynska, L. Kapusnyak, L. Petruk, N. Cherepani, and N. Rusyn are devoted to the problems of using fiction in the process of educating preschoolers. The implementation of the tasks of this direction of education is effectively carried out in the process of acquainting preschoolers with fiction as the most important component of culture, designed to serve the formation and development of moral consciousness and education of the individual. The article characterizes the essence of the concept of «moral qualities of personality», identifies the leading psychological and pedagogical features of children’s development in accordance with such criteria as: figurative, emotional, motivational, effective and practical. depending on a wide range of conditions, it is the educator who is tasked with managing the deep processes of formation of the child’s personality. To successfully solve such problems it is necessary to strengthen scientific work in the field of moral education of children, to organize in-depth pedagogical and psychological research. It is proved that the senior preschool age is sensitive to the development of moral qualities, children identify themselves with other people, characters of fairy tales; the foundations of moral behavior and attitudes are laid, on the basis of which the child must learn to distinguish between good and evil, make friends, love, express their feelings and be guided by universal values.